DNA analysis/ Chromosomes | Self-Assessment Questions Biology

1. Which of the following are required in order to carry out a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

A. Single - stranded oligonucleotides

B. Heat - stable RNA polymerase

C. DNA template

D. Deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs)

E. Approximately 2 – 3 days

2. Standard PCR and DNA sequencing are useful for the detection of which of the following?

A. A 2 bp deletion

B. A 100 kb duplication

C. A 3 bp deletion

D. An A to G substitution

E. A centric fusion translocation

3. Methods for screening DNA to detect possible mutations prior to DNA sequencing, include which of the following?

A. Conformation - sensitive capillary electrophoresis (CSCE)

B. High - resolution melt curve analysis (HRM)

C. Triplet repeat - primed PCR (TP - PCR)

D. Multiple ligation - depended probe amplifi cation (MLPA)

E. Denaturing high - performance liquid chromatography(dHPLC)

4. Which factors are helpful for indirect mutant gene tracking?

A. Th e presence of an intragenic microsatellite repeat

B. A microsatellite repeat located very close to the gene

C. Th e existence of several diff erent causative genes for the condition

D. Th e existence of a pseudogene

E. DNA sample availability from several aff ected and unaff ected relatives

5. Which of the following are helpful in order to perform quantitative fl uorescent PCR (QF - PCR) for the detection of trisomy 18?

A. Fluorescent primers

B. DNA - binding fi lter or membrane

C. Th e presence of tetranucleotide repeat markers on chromosome 18

D. DNA polymerase

E. An automated DNA sequencer

6.Factors that are associated with reduced gene transcription include:

A. 5 - Methylcytosine methylation of DNA

B. Acetylation of histone tail amino acids

C. Heterochromatin formation

D. Early replication in S phase

E. Chromosomal regions containing macrosatellite DNA repeats

7. Which of the following most closely approximates the resolution that is achieved by chromosomal staining and light microscopy?

A. 40 Mb

B. 4 Mb

C. 400 kb

D. 40 kb

E. 4 kb

ble 3.4 Exampl

8.Well - recognised genetic polymorphisms with regard to chromosomes include:

A. Yq size

B. Centromeric heterochromatin size

C. Variation in the number of ribosomal genes

D. Submicroscopic duplications of more than 1 Mb in size

E. Constrictions at sites other than the centromerees

9.Features of mitochondrial chromosomes include:

A. Double - stranded linear structure

B. Distinct genetic code

C. More than 20 introns

D. Th e presence of only 37 genes

E. Maternal inheritance

of DNA mutation

10. Leber’s hereditary optic atrophy is caused by a mutation in    

A. Chromosome 12   

B. Chromosome 18 

C.Chromosome21                  

D. Mitochondrial DNA